Kirkuk

Quick Facts

• Region: Northern Iraq
• Governorate/Province: Kirkuk Governorate
• Elevation: 350 m
• Population (year): 1,075,000 (2023 est.)

Overview

Kirkuk is a major city in northern Iraq and the capital of Kirkuk Governorate. It lies near the foothills of the Zagros Mountains and is a key center of Iraq’s petroleum industry.

The city has a long history as a trade and administrative hub and has long been home to a diverse mix of communities.

History and Culture

In the Assyrian period the city was known as Arrapha, and the oldest part of the town clusters around a citadel built on an ancient tell. The city has continued to grow around this historic core.

Sites and Landmarks

The Kirkuk Citadel dominates the old quarter. Local tradition also associates a tomb in the old city with the prophet Daniel, a long-venerated religious site.

Notable People

The Kurdish musician Ali Merdan, known for his contributions to classical Kurdish music, was born in Kirkuk.

Population

Population (2023 est.): 1,075,000.